Antioxidant effect of a polyphenol-rich grape pomace extract on motility, viability and lipid peroxidation of thawed bovine spermatozoa

Table 1 The effect of different doses of the grape extract on CASA parameters (mean ± SD)

Time	Conc. of grape extract	Total motile	Rapid	Progressive motile	VSL	VCL	VAP	ALH
(hrs)	(μg ml ⁻¹)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(μm sec ⁻¹)	(μm sec ⁻¹)	(μm sec ⁻¹)	(μm)
0	0	69.17 ± 5.16	50.50 ± 5.15	17.85 ± 4.53	21.25 ± 4.89	57.93 ± 2.97	31.28 ± 5.62	2.35 ± 0.30
	1	77.97 ± 5.38	51.70 ± 6.27	20.10 ± 5.74	20.53 ± 4.32	63.0 ± 8.28	36.13 ± 3.97	2.88 ± 0.39
	2	79.6 ± 5.36	56.20 ± 1.50	21.15 ± 4.84	23.73 ± 7.79	63.8 ± 3.84	37.53 ± 2.87	3.28 ± 0.57
	5	81.07 ± 3.7	56.25 ± 2.21	23.52 ± 1.64	25.15 ± 11.27	64.65 ± 2.3	43.88 ± 6.8	2.78 ± 0.15
2	0	45.65 ± 17.61	19.02 ± 6.22^a	14.70 ± 3.98	29.8 ± 16.37	54.48 ± 14.06	38.25 ± 13.84	3.08 ± 0.31
	1	64.47 ± 16.03	31.57 ± 10.16^ab	22.57 ± 8.14	24.0 ± 8.89	57.85 ± 3.88	39.0 ± 5.10	2.78 ± 0.15
	2	63.82 ± 9.53	38.57 ± 5.57^ab	22.32 ± 7.48	33.15 ± 12.03	63.10 ± 14.66	42.25 ± 14.42	3.2 ± 0.16
	5	71.85 ± 3.61	44.15 ± 11.60^b	26.07 ± 3.06	28.48 ± 16.06	63.83 ± 8.23	39.88 ± 5.67	3.12 ± 0.46
4	0	36.23 ± 6.97	13.00 ± 3.94	12.57 ± 2.00	19.48 ± 6.91	47.68 ± 8.14	28.38 ± 4.07	2.52 ± 0.58
	1	40.05 ± 13.04	16.47 ± 7.78	10.22 ± 4.77	24.45 ± 9.82	45.53 ± 9.73	25.88 ± 4.51	2.50 ± 0.58
	2	38.7 ± 4.86	15.78 ± 5.57	12.30 ± 3.56	19.48 ± 8.38	44.93 ± 9.35	25.18 ± 6.19	2.10 ± 0.84
	5	51.40 ± 6.22	25.52 ± 7.59	15.97 ± 3.25	19.78 ± 10.45	51.93 ± 10.54	28.70 ± 4.25	2.85 ± 0.70

^a,b Different letters in each treatment indicate statistically significant differences within each given time point (p <0.05, n = 4).

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