Fig. 5

Acrosome damage of X and Y sperm in frozen-thawed semen. Samples dyed with FITC-PNA after MBCD treatment (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mM). Red line FITC fluorescent intensity in X chromosome sperm. Black line FITC fluorescent intensity in Y chromosome sperm (top). Acrosome damage was observed by FITC fluorescence intensity using a flow cytometer (bottom). a–i Different letters are significantly different in percentages of acrosome damage after treatment with various MBCD concentrations in X (a–e) and Y (f–i) sperm (p < 0.05). *Different letters are significantly difference in percentages of acrosome damage in X and Y sperm (p < 0.05)