Fig. 1

Schematic and simplified diagram of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway leading to the accumulation of anthocyanin in Brassica. The pathway is divided into three major parts; the upstream phenylpropanoid pathway, the early biosynthetic pathway, and the late biosynthetic pathway, based on the types of genes involved in each stage. The possible activation sites of the regulatory MBW complexes are indicated. Details of the genes involved in each stage are provided in Table 2. PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase, C4H cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, 4CL 4-coumaratel-CoA ligase, CHS chalcone synthase, CHI chalcone isomerase, F3H flavanone-3-hydroxylase, FLS flavonol synthase, DFR dihydroflavanol reductase, ANS anthocyanidin synthase, UGT uradin glycosyltransferase, MYB myeloblastosis family of transcription factors, bHLH basic helix-loop-helix