Fig. 3

Enhanced expression of Tbx20 in Ad-MSCs reduced osteogenesis. Cells were infected with control viral vector (LV-Ctrl) or LV-Tbx20 and allowed to differentiate in osteogenic medium. a After 21 days, mineral nodules deposition was stained with Alizarin Red S (ARS). b The stained cells were extracted using 10% acetic acid and its absorbance was read at 405 nm to quantify the mineralization level. c After 21 days, induced cells were stained with BCIP/NBT to detect secreted alkaline phosphatase. d After 7 and 14 days ALP activity was conducted using pNPP liquid substrate system. All data are presented as mean ± SD. ****Shows significant differences (p < 0.0001) between negative control (cells grown in normal medium) and infected groups; ***Indicates significant differences (p < 0.001) between LV-Ctrl and LV-Tbx20. Experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated three times