Fig. 4

ART reduced the MPP⁺-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. The protein expression of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting, and β-actin was used as an equal loading control (a, b). Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis after double staining with annexin V-FITC and PI (c, d). The data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ^** p < 0.01, ^*** p < 0.001 vs. control; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs. MPP⁺