Table 1 Differential diagnosis of ZIKV infection includes various viral diseases with similar signs and symptoms as ZIKV infection [49]
From: A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics
No | Viral diseases | Similarities with Zika virus | Dissimilarities with Zika virus | Diagnostic test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dengue fever | High fever, severe muscle pain, and headache and may also be associated with hemorrhage | Not associated with conjunctivitis | Serology |
2 | Chikungunya | High fever and intense joint pain affecting the hands, feet, knees, and back | Not associated with conjunctivitis | Serology |
3 | Parvovirus | Acute and symmetric arthritis or arthralgia | Rash may or may not be present | Serology |
4 | Rubella | Low-grade fever, Macular rash, arthritis, lymphadenopathy | Not associated with conjunctivitis, coryza is not present in ZIKV infection | Serology |
5 | Measles | Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and lymphadenitis. generalized rash | Sore throat and coryza are not present in ZIKV infection | Serology |
6 | Leptospirosis | Fever, rigors, myalgia, conjunctival suffusion, headache, arthralgia | Distinguished from ZIKV infection by the presence of jaundice | Serology |
7 | Malaria | Fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, myalgia | Dot associated with conjunctivitis | Visualization of parasites on peripheral smear |
8 | Rickettsial infection | African tick bite fever and relapsing fever. headache, fever, myalgia, regional lymphadenopathy, generalized rash | Not associated with conjunctivitis | Direct smear and polymerase chain reaction |